One-stage operation for two large hydatid cysts in the left lungs, causing severe compression of the heart and liver in a 34-year-old female

Background: Echinococcosis remains a significant health hazard in endemic areas, including the Middle East, Mediterranean countries, and Central Asia. In younger individuals, pulmonary disease appears more commonly, but bilateral pulmonary involvement is rare. Concomitant pulmonary and liver hydatid disease may occur in 4% to 25% of patients with hydatidosis. Case presentation: A 34-year-old previously healthy woman from northern Iran with no history of lung or liver disease presented with symptoms including palpitations, shortness of breath, moderate Good pharmacovigilance practices (GVP) engorgements in the right upper quadrant and left-side chest pain, and low-grade fever over the past month. Imaging revealed a cyst in the left lung, causing compression of nearby structures and a shift of the mediastinum to the right side. A cyst with a laminated membrane and septation was also found in the liver. Due to the symptoms caused by the cysts, surgical intervention was performed. The patient underwent surgery to remove the lung cyst via left-side anterolateral thoracotomy and to remove the liver cyst via right-side anterolateral thoracotomy and phrenotomy. The patient was discharged in good condition. Conclusion: In areas where a disease is commonly found, lung and liver hydatid cysts can co-occur. The heart may become compressed, potentially leading to tamponade. For young patients, surgery should be carried out using a one-stage procedure.