Agricultural Reclamation Methods for Preserving Fertility of Chernozem Soils of Fruit Plantations under Conditions of Irrigation with Mineralized Water

The efficiency of agricultural reclamation methods for the fertility conservation of chernozem soils of fruit plantations under conditions of irrigation with mineralized water was determined. It was studied in the orcharding steppe area of Krasnodar krai in irrigated intensive plantations of winter apple varieties on a low-growing rootstock M9. The effect was studied of the use of chemical meliorants (phosphogypsum), soil mulching, application of water-soluble organomineral fertilizers using a drip irrigation system, as well as a combination of these agricultural techniques, on the basic agrochemical and physicochemical properties of ordinary chernozem. In the case of drip irrigation of fruit plantations with mineralized water, the use of a complex of agricultural reclamation techniques resulted in the following. It contributed to the normalization of the reaction of the soil environment, a decrease in the accumulation of water-soluble sodium salts in the root layer of ordinary chernozem by 39.7%, a decrease in the content of exchangeable sodium in the area of local soil moisture by 33–34%, and an increase in the content of labile phosphorus in the soil under drippers by 18.9%, compared to a conventional zonal tillage technology.