Modern Avionics and ATM Technologies Implementation Gap Analysis Latvian and Georgian Case Studies

According to Eurocontrol’s latest research, by year 2035 airports across Europe are expected to handle 14.4 million flights and 1.4 billion passengers. However, current Air Traffic Management (ATM) system is not adequately prepared for such volume of air traffic, and as a result it might lead to a congested airspace, causing even more delays on ground and in the air. This situation is economically inefficient and has a significant adverse impact on environment due to carbon emission and noise pollution. For this reason, continuous development and modernization of the ATM system is necessary. The Global Air Navigation Plan (GANP) is a flexible engineering-technical methodological document that allows all International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) member states to advance their air navigation capacities based on their specific operational requirements. One of the most problematic parts for successful implementation of the GANP is an innovative ATM, modern avionics technologies and effective interrelation between systems and users, considering ergonomic factors. A system "operator-machine-environment" depends on human performance, as well as on a level of automation of systems involved. Paper focuses on Latvian and Georgian case studies, as in both counties ATM technologies and level of automation continuously grows and becomes more advanced. The development of modern aircraft avionics systems requires new skills of aviation professionals that is why training becomes even more challenging and important. As a result of the research a methodological approach and general model for effective interconnection of modern avionics and innovative ATM technologies is proposed, taking into consideration human factors.