A Multi-Agent Framework for Voltage Control in Distribution Systems with High Penetration of Inverter-Based Resources

The increasing penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) such as photovoltaic (PV) systems, electric vehicles (EVs), and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in distribution networks presents new challenges for maintaining voltage within the standard limits. Traditional voltage control methods are often insufficient to manage the complex dynamics introduced by decentralized and variable power sources. This paper proposes a multi-agent framework for voltage control in distribution systems with a high penetration of IBRs. The framework leverages decentralized agents coordinating with a voltage regulator agent, including PV, EV, and fuel cell agents. Each agent monitors and controls its local voltage and power generation or consumption while communicating with the voltage regulator to ensure system-wide voltage control. The novelty lies in the proposed framework’s flexibility, scalability, and adaptability to varying network conditions, particularly under high renewable energy penetration. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed framework effectively mitigates voltage deviations, decreases the control operation of the voltage regulator, and supports the seamless integration of IBRs into the distribution network. This approach shows promise for enhancing the resilience and efficiency of future power systems with high shares of renewable energy.