Decision Tree with Whale Optimization Algorithm (DT-WOA) for QoS-Based IoT Service Composition

From smart homes to smart cities, the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized our lives by connecting billions of devices into an interconnected network. Each smart device offers specific functions, such as remote door unlocking or sending alerts, which we call IoT services. To meet the complex needs of users, combining multiple atomic IoT services is required, as a single service is often insufficient. The increasing number of IoT services offering similar functionality makes service composition based on Quality of Service (QoS) attributes more challenging. To address this issue, we propose a DT-WOA approach combining a Decision Tree (DT) with the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). We use DT-WOA to find a close-to-optimal solution that meets the QoS user requirements. Simulation results indicate that DT-WOA outperforms the original WOA in terms of fitness value by effectively reducing the search space.