Central protection method for microgrids based on distance protection

Ensuring the reliable operation of microgrids remains a formidable challenge due to their inherent vulnerabilities. One of the most significant challenges facing microgrid infrastructure is the development of robust and reliable protection systems. This research introduces a new centralized protection system utilizing relay technology to improve fault detection and isolation capabilities. By integrating advanced communication capabilities, the proposed system accurately pinpoints fault locations, preventing unnecessary system disconnections. It explores fault analysis techniques, distance protection methodologies, and the architectural design of the centralized protection unit. Through extensive MATLAB simulations, the proposed system demonstrated exceptional performance in accurately detecting and isolating various types of faults within microgrids. The system consistently achieved fault classification and isolation within a timeframe of less than 30 milliseconds, highlighting its rapid response and high reliability.