Review of Mathematical Modelling and Interference Minimization Schemes for the Coexistence of 5G and Satellite Radio Access Networks

The increasing demand for high data rates among mobile users, coupled with the congestion of communication network resources, has presented new challenges for the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) radio access networks. Recent research efforts have focused on enhancing communication network throughput and channel capacity. The advent of 5G cellular networks aims at improving the efficiency of resource utilization for an enhanced quality of experience (QoE). However, 5G networks require higher bandwidth to achieve greater throughput, making the C-Band (3.4 GHz to 4.2 GHz) an optimal candidate for deployment due to its large coverage and substantial bandwidth. This band, however, is also utilized by satellite radio access networks, leading to potential interference issues. To address these challenges, this paper reviews and models various interference mitigation techniques to ensure the spectral and energy-efficient coexistence of 5G and satellite networks. This paper delves into spectrum sharing techniques such as Licensed Shared Access (LSA) and cognitive radio systems, power control strategies, beamforming techniques, and advanced signal processing. Mathematical models for each approach are provided to illustrate their effectiveness in minimizing interference. The outcomes of this paper present a comprehensive discussion on interference methods and their performance metrics based on previously conducted studies.