Multi-Trial Vector-Based Sine Cosine Algorithm-Based Optimal Frequency Control of Interconnected Hybrid Power Systems Including Renewables

The utilization of renewable energy sources (RESs) is rapidly growing in modern power systems, increasing the system's sensitivity. Therefore, appropriate controllers are required to function within permissible ranges. One benefit of the current control techniques based on load frequency control (LFC) is that they enhance system response. This paper proposes to use a novel metaheuristic algorithm, named multi-trial vector-based sine cosine algorithm (MTV-SCA) algorithm, to adjust the LFC parameters based on a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. Furthermore, the proposed PID controller based on MTV-SCA is designed to enhance the frequency stability of a two-area interconnected hybrid power system considering RESs. The efficiency of the MTV-SCA algorithm is validated by comparing its performance with other well-known optimization techniques, such as particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms, to optimally design the PID controller for frequency regulation of the studied two-area interconnected power system. Also, the proposed optimal LFC has been evaluated to confirm its robustness and reliability by comparing it with conventional LFC based on an integral controller, under various operating conditions of the studied system. According to the MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation findings, the proposed PID controller based on MTV-SCA has superior optimization capabilities than other controller designs in terms of overshoot, undershoot, and settling time.