Исследование личностных характеристик онкопациентов, перенесших заболевание COVID-19

Introduction. Cancer patients in the context of the pandemic experienced additional distress. Their psychoemotional state was influenced by factors such as the threat of COVID-19 infection, delayed treatment, postponement of planned operations, deterioration of their condition against the background of comorbid pathology and chemotherapy. Due to the continuing threat of the emergence of new strains of coronavirus infection, the study of the psychological characteristics of patients with mono- and comorbid cancer does not lose relevance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the personal characteristics, value-semantic orientations and other psychological features reflecting psychological adaptation to prolonged distress in groups of cancer patients who have and have not had a coronavirus infection. Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "NMIC of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Rostov-on-Don) in the period from spring 2021 to autumn 2023; 112 cancer patients aged 18 to 62 years took part in it (the average age was 42 years, 64% of them were women, 36% were men), 48% of them suffered COVID-19. The following psychodiagnostic techniques were used: SCL-90-R, Lazarus coping test, 5PFQ, D.A. Leontiev's life sense orientations test, M. Rokich's "Value Orientations" technique, the WHO–100 scale. The one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and post-hock analysis (Tukey’s test) were used for statistical processing of the obtained results. Results. The fact of the transferred disease COVID-19 is associated with a change in the hierarchy of values, the expression of volitional qualities and flexibility in solving life difficulties: in the group of cancer patients who suffered COVID-19, the values of "love", "development", "breadth of views", "sensitivity" are significantly more pronounced; in the personal sphere, the poles of irresponsibility and practicality are expressed. Discussion. The results obtained complement the existing data on the features of the value-semantic and personal sphere of cancer patients with comorbid pathology. Conclusion. The conducted theoretical and empirical research can be useful for psychologists, medical and social workers who provide assistance to cancer patients and their families.