Айтрекинг как инструмент медицинской диагностики

Introduction. The transition to personalized, predictive and preventive medicine, high-tech healthcare and health-preserving technologies is one of the priorities of scientific and technological development in the next decade. The possibility of using eye tracking for medical diagnostics meets this priority. Eye tracking as a tool for medical diagnostics. Using eye tracking, disease detection is based on the main types of eye movements: fixations, saccades and nystagmus. However, protocols that allow a comprehensive assessment of the patient's condition have not been fully validated. The purpose of the current review is an attempt to consider studies in the Scopus, Web of Science, and RSCI databases regarding the utilizing of eye tracking as an addition to the diseases and disorders diagnosis, and to outline possible trajectories for the development of this method in the field of medicine. The article provides examples of the use of eye tracking in dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorder, mood disorder, attention deficit syndrome, the consequences of a stroke, and head injuries. Results and discussion. Eye tracking is characterized by objectivity, brief and stress-free observation of a patient, the ability to simplify the tasks presented with high diagnostic accuracy, finding a simulated disorder, supplementing existing tests, searching for latent signs, higher sensitivity compared to some neuropsychological tests, the ability to dynamically switch between tasks. As a prospect for developing diagnostic protocols based on eye tracking, it is possible to: use existing paradigms for conducting eye tracking studies, combine new paradigms with existing neuropsychological tests and methods, inherit the basic principles of examining the patient's condition, and build data analysis models. Validation on a wider sample and clarification of the list of stimuli are necessary.