Интерпретация этически нагруженных ситуаций молодыми людьми: зависимость от предметного контекста и индивидуально-типологических характеристик

Introduction. A research approach to identifying individual determinants of moral reasoning is proposed as an intellectual process that ensures the application of moral injunctions in the changing substantive contexts of ethically loaded situations. Methods. The study was conducted on a sample of students of K.E. Tsiolkovski KSU, studying in the first and second courses of socio-humanitarian training directions (n = 90 people). The specificity of variability of productivity of interpretation of moral contradictions on the material of constructed ethically loaded situations in the conditions of change of their subject context was to be revealed. The procedures of one-factor analysis of variance and its variant (ANOVA with repeated measurements) were applied to establish the strength of the influence of the variable "subject context" on the completeness, essential relevance, and problematization of the interpretation of ethically loaded situations under the influence of subject-level variables. Results. It was found that the completeness, relevance, and problematization of interpretation of ethically loaded situations in different subject contexts do not remain unchanged, and the boundaries of such variability are associated with the variability of indicators of formation of cognitive and personal characteristics of students. With the inclusion of moral content in the legal context, the completeness of its components is increased, and this trend is determined by the effect of variables such as the level of intellectual development and the formation of ethical categories. When interpreting an ethically loaded situation in a worldly context, the relevance of substantiating a moral contradiction is limited by the formation of collective and personal reflection. In the legal context, the level of problematization increases with the degree of formation of ethical categories, and in the worldly context, the problematization of moral contradictions increases in those subjects who demonstrate the dominance of moral guidelines in their social behavior. Discussion. Identification of the limits of variability in the productivity of interpreting moral contradictions in contextually heterogeneous ethical situations in individuals who differ in their cognitive and personal characteristics allows us to establish how moral norms function in individual consciousness and how they are actualized in the form of a moral prohibition.