Esquizofrenia en adolescentes: un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico

Schizophrenia is perhaps the pathology most commonly associated with the medical branch of psychiatry, however, it only affects 1% of the general population, but due to the broad and striking clinical picture, it has become for the population and professionals of health, a topic of interest. Presentations in the infant-juvenile population are associated with varied clinical symptoms, with greater impact on school life, propensity for inadequate response to treatment, greater presentation of side effects and greater cognitive impairment. In this case report, it presents an adolescent with a complex perinatal history, difficulties with socialization, depressive-type affective symptoms with subsequent appearance of severe psychotic symptoms that caused dysfunction in multiple areas, affecting comprehensive development and compromising her quality of life. The approach to the presentation of a psychotic disorder at an early age, follow-up over time and the importance of making adjustments in the pharmacological treatment until the medication with which the symptomatology is better controlled is explored, considering the importance of avoiding side effects derived from the use of antipsychotics in infant-juvenile patients, where the range of possible treatments is still limited. Conclusion: The present case highlights the complexity of the diagnosis and treatment of early-onset schizophrenia in adolescence, as well as the importance of a comprehensive approach that addresses both the medical, psychological and social aspects of the disease to achieve sustained improvement and quality of life, optimal for the patient. Keywords: Hallucinations; schizophrenia; adolescents; cognitive impairments; case report.