A Comparative Study of Artificial and Natural Intelligence from Ibn Sina’s Perspective

The differentiation between natural intelligence and artificial intelligence represents a significant concern among intellectuals. Artificial intelligence developers, leveraging advancements in neuroscience, cognitive sciences, and advanced theories in the philosophy of mind, aim to replicate the structure and functionality of the human brain through a functionalist and behaviourist lens. Broadly speaking, artificial intelligence can be categorized into two renowned types:Classical Artificial Intelligence or the “Computational Theory of Mind”: This perspective emphasizes the computational and algorithmic side of artificial intelligence and advocates for the mechanization and computerization of the mind.Connectionist Artificial Intelligence: This viewpoint focuses on recreating the “neural networks” of the brain. Additionally, the human soul, as the source of human intelligence, possesses cognitive and motivational powers that act as the soldiers of the soul, generating a variety of actions and effects. This research attempts to re-evaluate the fundamental differences between natural intelligence and artificial intelligence from Ibn Sina's perspective using a rational-analytical approach. According to Ibn Sina, natural intelligence and artificial intelligence differ in eight key areas: composite synthesis, intentionality, creativity and inventiveness, specialization focus, self-awareness and self-discovery, the internal evolution of natural intelligence, the impulsive power of desire, ethical conduct, and the ability to recall.