Approaches to nicotine addiction treatment taking into account the neurobiological aspects of pathogenesis. Literature review

Aim. To analyze modern studies on most effective therapeutic approaches to the treatment of nicotine addiction by generalizing data on promising methods and strategies for their use. Material and methods. The data from studies was generalized, in which the neurobiological pathogenesis of nicotine addiction and possible ways to solve this problem were analyzed. The search was carried out using the following keywords: "nicotine", "vaping", "epigenetics", "nicotine addiction", "nicotine replacement therapy", "electronic nicotine delivery systems" in the titles of publications, abstracts, keywords of articles in journals published in the period from January 1 2020 to October 1, 2024 and posted in following electronic bibliographic databases: PubMed, Сochrane Library, eLIBRARY. At the second stage, the received publications were evaluated according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. At the final stage, a detailed study of the found publications in the compiled sample was carried out for new mechanisms of nicotine addiction formation and possible treatment methods. Results. In publications posted and summarized in the above electronic bibliographic databases, special attention is paid to the molecular genetic mechanisms leading to neural adaptation and disease development. A new possible way to solve the problem is proposed — non-invasive brain stimulation. Conclusion. The factual data on the pathogenesis of nicotine addiction are summarized, indicating that the participation of molecular genetic mechanisms in nicotine addiction is currently being actively discussed. Special attention is paid to neuroadaptation. Additional research is needed to analyze novel therapeutic tactics that involve non-invasive brain stimulation.