Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles by Hydroethanolic Extract of Rubus ellipticus: Antimicrobial and Antidiabetic Activities

Background: The biosynthesis of nanoparticles of copper oxide nanoparticles via using plant extracts and phytochemicals has garnered significant interest due to their potential medical applications. This study focuses on synthesizing CuONPs using Rubus ellipticus leaf extract (CuONPs-Re) as an efficient reducing agent. Methods: The CuONPs-Re were characterized using various techniques: UV-Visible Spectroscopy: Observed a peak value at 310 nm because of inherent band gap absorption. FT-IR Spectroscopy: Confirmed the existence of functional groups associated with terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins. FE-SEM and HR-TEM Analysis: Indicated that the CuONPs-Re is spherically shaped with a typical size of 30-50 nm. Antibacterial Activity: The antibacterial efficacy of CuONPs-Re was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus nigervia agar well diffusion method. Antidiabetic Activity: Previous studies have shown the potential of green synthesized CuONPs as hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic agents. In this study, different doses of CuONPs-Re in carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were orally administered for 15 days to alloxan-induced albino Wistar rats. The biochemical considerations, histopathology analyses, and comparisons among diabetic control, normal, standard (Glibenclamide), and treated animals were evaluated. Results: A significant decrease in the levels of blood glucose (from 293 to 91.5 mg/dl) was observed in treated experimental rats. Improvements were also observed in their lipid profiles and pancreatic healing, as compared to the respective standard drugs. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that CuONPs-Re has promising potential in the control of Type-1 diabetes mellitus, aligning with the traditional medicinal use of Rubus ellipticus leaves for diabetic relief. The findings suggest that CuONPs-Re could serve as an effective alternative to conventional diabetic treatments.