New taxa of butterflies supported by genomic analysis

Continuing with the genomic analysis of butterflies, we present a taxonomic update. As a result of this work, 3 genera, 6 subgenera, 16 species, and 2 subspecies are described as new. New genera and subgenera are (type species in parenthesis): <i>Systasia</i> Grishin, <b>gen. n.</b> (<i>Hesperia zampa</i> W. H. Edwards, 1876) and <i>Asysta</i> Grishin, <b>gen. n.</b> (<i>Systasea microsticta</i> Dyar, 1923) in Pyrgini Burmeister, 1878 and <i>Alyco</i> Grishin, <b>gen. n.</b> (<i>Styriodes quota</i> Evans, 1955) in Moncina A. Warren, 2008; <i>Ocynthus</i> Grishin, <b>subgen. n.</b> (<i>Ocybadistes hypomeloma</i> Lower, 1911) of <i>Potanthus</i> Scudder, 1872, <i>Arrhona</i> Grishin, <b>subgen. n.</b> (<i>Padraona tranquilla</i> Swinhoe, 1905) and <i>Comba</i> Grishin, <b>subgen. n.</b> (<i>Hesperia wama</i> Plötz, 1885) of <i>Kobrona</i> Evans, 1935, <i>Telines</i> Grishin, <b>subgen. n.</b> (<i>Pamphila eurotas</i> C. Felder, 1860) of <i>Arrhenes</i> Mabille, 1904, <i>Kolba</i> Grishin, <b>subgen. n.</b> (<i>Telicota kolbei</i> Ribbe, 1899) of <i>Sabera</i> Swinhoe, 1908, and <i>Sarala</i> Grishin, <b>subgen. n.</b> (<i>Parnara sarala</i> Nicéville, 1889) of <i>Acerbas</i> Nicéville, 1895, all in Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809. New species and subspecies are (type localities in parenthesis): <i>Catocyclotis secuza</i> Grishin, <b>sp. n.</b> (Peru: Cuzco), <i>Catocyclotis serio</i> Grishin, <b>sp. n.</b> (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro), <i>Catocyclotis luteonaevia</i> Grishin, <b>sp. n.</b> (Bolivia: La Paz), <i>Synargis gohia</i> Grishin, <b>sp. n.</b> (Brazil: Bahia), and <i>Synargis maxidifa</i> Grishin, <b>sp. n.</b> (Peru: Loreto) in Riodinidae Grote, 1895 (1827); <i>Bungalotis corentus</i> Grishin, <b>sp. n.</b> (Ecuador: Pichincha), <i>Bungalotis amydros</i> Grishin, <b>sp. n.</b> (Ecuador: Pichincha), <i>Salatis minimaculatis</i> Grishin, <b>sp. n.</b> (Peru: Loreto), <i>Pellicia</i> (<i>Mictris</i>) <i>rio</i> Grishin, <b>sp. n.</b> (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro), <i>Clytius mattus</i> Grishin, <b>sp. n.</b> (USA: Hidalgo Co.), <i>Perus</i> (<i>Menuda</i>) <i>tinctus</i> Grishin, <b>sp. n.</b> (deduced as South America), <i>Timochares fuscifasciata</i> Grishin, <b>sp. n.</b> (USA: Texas, Hidalgo Co.), <i>Quasimellana duranga</i> Grishin, <b>sp. n.</b> (Mexico: Durango), <i>Stinga azteca</i> Grishin, <b>sp. n.</b> (Mexico: México), <i>Vistigma</i> (<i>Vistigma</i>) <i>shnoba</i> Grishin, <b>sp. n.</b> (Peru: Madre de Dios), <i>Vertica</i> (<i>Brasta</i>) <i>asta</i> Grishin, <b>sp. n.</b> (Colombia: Valle del Cauca) in Hesperiidae; <i>Synargis flavicauda cosita</i> Grishin, <b>ssp. n.</b> (Guyana) in Riodinidae and <i>Notamblyscirtes durango seaza</i> Grishin, <b>ssp. n.</b> (USA: Arizona, Santa Cruz Co.) in Hesperiidae, as all other taxa below. <i>Suniana</i> Evans, 1934 is a subgenus of <i>Potanthus</i> Scudder, 1872. The following species are transferred between genera to form new combinations: <i>Camptopleura polax</i> (Evans, 1953), <b>comb. nov.</b> (not <i>Cycloglypha</i> Mabille, 1903), <i>Potanthus hypomeloma</i> (Lower, 1911), <b>comb. nov.</b> (not <i>Ocybadistes</i> Heron, 1894), <i>Kobrona tranquilla</i> (Swinhoe, 1905), <b>comb. nov.</b> (not <i>Arrhenes</i> Mabille, 1904), <i>Arrhenes eurotas</i> (C. Felder, 1860), <b>comb. nov.</b> and <i>Arrhenes eurychlora</i> (Lower, 1908), <b>comb. nov.</b> (not <i>Telicota</i> Moore, 1881), <i>Sabera kolbei</i> (Ribbe, 1899), <b>comb. nov.</b> (not <i>Mimene</i> Joicey & Talbot, 1917), and <i>Vistigma</i> (<i>Vistigma</i>) <i>meesi</i> (de Jong, 1983), <b>comb. nov.</b> (not <i>Phlebodes</i> Hübner, 1819). The following are species-level taxa, not subspecies or synonyms: <i>Salatis pelignus</i> (Hewitson, 1867), <b>stat. rest.</b> (not <i>Salatis salatis</i> (Stoll, 1782)), <i>Pellicia</i> (<i>Mictris</i>) <i>cambyses</i> Hewitson, 1878, <b>stat. rest.</b> (not <i>Pellicia</i> (<i>Mictris</i>) <i>crispus</i> Herrich-Schäffer, 1870), <i>Clytius unifascia</i> (Mabille, 1889), <b>comb. nov.</b> (not <i>Staphylus azteca</i> (Scudder, 1872) or <i>Clytius clytius</i> (Godman & Salvin, 1897)), <i>Clytius semitincta</i> (Dyar, 1924), <b>stat. rest.</b> (not <i>Clytius clytius</i>), <i>Timochares sanda</i> Evans, 1953, <b>stat. nov.</b> (not <i>Timochares trifasciata</i> (Hewitson, 1868)) and <i>Sabera tenebricosa</i> (Mabille, 1904), <b>comb. nov., stat. rest.</b> (not <i>Sabera kolbei</i> (Ribbe, 1899)). The following taxa are <b>new</b> junior subjective synonyms: <i>Mycteris caerula</i> Mabille, 1877 of <i>Pellicia</i> (<i>Mictris</i>) <i>crispus</i> Herrich-Schäffer, 1870, <i>Timochares ruptifasciata runia</i> Evans, 1953 of <i>Timochares ruptifasciata</i> (Plötz, 1884). <i>Staphylus veytius</i> H. Freeman, 1969 is confirmed as a junior subjective synonym of <i>Staphylus tierra</i> Evans, 1953. <i>Pellicia pericles</i> Mabille, 1903 is a junior subjective synonym of <i>Pellicia</i> (<i>Mictris</i>) <i>cambyses</i> <b>stat. rest</b>. (not of <i>Pellicia</i> (<i>Mictris</i>) <i>crispus</i>). <i>Eudamus sebrus</i> C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867 and <i>Bungalotis sapucayae</i> Jörgensen, 1935 are junior subjective synonyms of <i>Salatis pelignus</i> <b>stat. rest.</b> (not of <i>Salatis salatis</i>). The type species of <i>Lintneria</i> W. H. Edwards & Butler, 1877 is fixed as <i>Thanaos potrillo</i> Lucas, 1857 thus making <i>Cabares</i> Godman & Salvin, 1894 a junior objective synonym of <i>Systasea</i> Butler, 1877, which is a replacement name for <i>Lintneria</i> that becomes a junior subjective synonym of <i>Autochton</i> Hübner, 1823. <b>Lectotypes</b> are designated for 6 Hesperiidae (type localities in parenthesis): <i>Pellicia crispus</i> Herrich-Schäffer, 1870 (Venezuela), <i>Antigonus unifascia</i> Mabille, 1889 (Honduras), <i>Leucochitonea trifasciata</i> Hewitson, 1868 (Bolivia), <i>Timochares trifasciata</i> form <i>obscurior</i> Draudt, 1923 (Bolivia: Rio Zongo), <i>Antigonus ruptifasciata</i> Plötz, 1884 (Jamaica; deduced by genomic sequence comparison), and <i>Telicota kolbei</i> Ribbe, 1899 (Papua New Guinea: New Britain Island). Furthermore, we show that <i>Timochares trifasciata</i> form <i>obscurior</i> Draudt, 1923 is an unavailable name; a nomen nudum <i>Pholisora elis</i> in J. B. Smith et al., 1891 (List of the Lepidoptera of boreal America) refers to a specimen of <i>Clytius clytius</i> from USA: Arizona; a specimen in MFNB curated as a type of <i>Achlyodes serapion</i> Plötz, 1884 is a pseudotype; and <i>Cecropterus</i> (<i>Murgaria</i>) <i>markwalkeri</i> Grishin, 2023 is widely distributed in western and southern Mexico. Finally, we illustrate the genitalia of the lectotype of <i>Achlyodes cnidus</i> Plötz, 1884.