Genomic analysis reveals hidden species diversity in <i>Emesis</i> Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae).

Genomic analysis of <i>Emesis</i> [Fabricius], 1807 (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae Grote, 1895) reveals species richness higher than anticipated. As a result, one subgenus, 22 species, and one subspecies are proposed as new (type species or type localities in parenthesis): <i>Diogenia</i> Grishin, <b>new subgenus</b> (<i>Emesis diogenia</i> Prittwitz, 1865), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Emesis</i>) <i>aerunda</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Peru: Rio Pachitea, Monte Alegre), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Emesis</i>) <i>bartica</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Guyana: Cuyuni-Mazaruni), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Emesis</i>) <i>fatimellina</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Brazil: Santa Catarina), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Emesis</i>) <i>panamella</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Darién), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Mandania</i>) <i>mandora</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Ecuador: Santo Domingo), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Mandania</i>) <i>manduza</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Peru: Cuzco), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Tenedia</i>) <i>nimia</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Chiriquí), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Tenedia</i>) <i>faria</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Mexico: Tamaulipas), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Tenedia</i>) <i>leona</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Mexico: Nuevo León), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Tenedia</i>) <i>subangularis</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Argentina: Salta), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Tenedia</i>) <i>alisada</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Peru: Piura), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Tenedia</i>) <i>flecta</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Bolivia: La Paz), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Poeasia</i>) <i>sonorensis</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Mexico: Sonora), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Brimia</i>) <i>apagada</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Peru: Madre de Dios), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Brimia</i>) <i>boliviana</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Bolivia: La Paz), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Aphacitis</i>) <i>aurichica</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Mexico: Chiapas), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Aphacitis</i>) <i>auripana</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Darién), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Aphacitis</i>) <i>pruinapicalis</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Darién), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Aphacitis</i>) <i>furvescens</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Darién), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Aphacitis</i>) <i>pallescens</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Panama: Panamá), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Aphacitis</i>) <i>andigna</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Peru: Cuzco), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Aphacitis</i>) <i>luxata</i> Grishin, <b>new species</b> (Brazil: São Paulo), and <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Mandania</i>) <i>russula sudesta</i> Grishin, <b>new subspecies</b> (Brazil: Paraná). The following five taxa are <b>species</b> (not subspecies): <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Emesis</i>) <i>cronina</i> Schaus, 1928, <b>reinstated status</b> (not <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Emesis</i>) <i>cereus</i> (Linnaeus, 1767)), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Emesis</i>) <i>nobilata</i> Stichel, 1910, <b>new status</b> (not <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Emesis</i>) <i>fatimella</i> Westwood, 1851), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Tenedia</i>) <i>tristis</i> Stichel, 1929, <b>reinstated status</b> (not <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Tenedia</i>) <i>lupina</i> Godman and Salvin, 1886), <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Tenedia</i>) <i>paphia</i> R. Felder, 1869, <b>reinstated status</b> (not <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Tenedia</i>) <i>cypria</i> C. Felder and R. Felder, 1861), and <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Aphacitis</i>) <i>parvissima</i> Kaye, 1921, <b>new status</b> (not <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Aphacitis</i>) <i>lucinda</i> (Cramer, 1775). <i>Emesis tenedia</i> ab. <i>fasciata</i> E. Strand, 1916, an unavailable name, is a synonym of <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Tenedia</i>) <i>tenedia</i> C. Felder and R. Felder, 1861, not <i>Emesis</i> (<i>Tenedia</i>) <i>lupina</i> Godman and Salvin, 1886. <b>Lectotypes</b> are designated for five species (type localities in parenthesis): <i>Emesis russula</i> Stichel, 1910 (Bolivia: La Paz), <i>Emesis tenedia</i> C. Felder and R. Felder, 1861 (Venezuela), <i>Emesis poeas</i> Godman, 1901 (Mexico: Guerrero, Acapulco), <i>Emesis castigata</i> Stichel, 1910 (Peru: Pozuzo), and <i>Emesis condigna</i> Stichel, 1925 (Brazil: Pará). Finally, an updated synonymic list of <i>Emesis</i> is provided. The list covers seven valid subgenera and 71 valid species with 14 additional subspecies.