Influence of Perceived Restorativeness on Recovery Experience and Satisfaction with Walking Tourism: A Multiple-Group Analysis of Daily Hassles and the Types of Walking Tourist Attractions

This study aims to evaluate the restorative effects of walking tourism by investigating the influence of the perceived restorativeness of walking tourist attractions on recovery experience and satisfaction with walking tourism. Additionally, the study aims to determine any significant differences based on levels of daily hassles and types of walking tourist attractions as moderating variables. An online survey was conducted among walking tourists, focusing on Bukhansan National Park (mountainous), Haeparang Coastal Road and Namparang Coastal Road (coastal), and urban walking destinations, resulting in 330 valid responses. Results reveal that perceived restorativeness (being away, compatibility, fascination, coherence, and legibility) had a partially positive effect on recovery experience (restoration and emotional separation). Furthermore, recovery experience positively influenced walking tourism satisfaction. A multiple-group analysis indicated that, although no significant differences were found in the influence of perceived restorativeness on recovery experience based on daily hassle levels, the relationship between recovery experience and walking tourism satisfaction varied significantly depending on daily hassle levels. Additionally, the effects of perceived restorativeness on recovery experience and the impact of recovery experience on walking tourism satisfaction differed significantly among urban, mountainous, and coastal tourist attractions. These results provide valuable insights into the restorative effects of walking tourism and offer practical implications for tourism-related businesses, local governments, and managers.