Impact of Soil Type and Water Stress on Potato Growth and Yield under Desert Conditions in Iran

Background: Potato cultivation in arid regions like Iran’s desert areas is significantly influenced by soil type and water availability, making it essential to understand their impact on yield. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different soil types and drought stress levels on potato production under desert conditions in Iran. Method: A field experiment was conducted at Semnan University’s Experimental Farm during the winter and spring of 2004, using a split-plot design with three soil types (sandy, clay, compost) and four drought stress levels (-0.3, -0.6, -1, -1.5 MPa). Physical, chemical, and biochemical soil properties were assessed, including enzyme activities (urease). Statistical analysis was performed using Duncan's test under SPSS to compare growth components. Results: The study found that both soil type and water stress significantly affected potato growth. Clay soil produced the highest yield (15.2 t/ha) under full irrigation, while sandy soil yielded 9.5 t/ha. Water stress significantly reduced yield, with a 50% decrease observed at -1.5 MPa. The number of tubers per plant, tuber size, and average weight also showed significant variation, with clay soil providing superior results. Soil texture combined with water stress showed a mutual influence on yield, with clay soil under non-limited irrigation out-performing other soil types. Conclusions: Water-saving irrigation strategies are not recommended for potato production in desert conditions, as they lead to substantial yield loss. Full irrigation with clay soil maximizes yield potential.