Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome (THS) is a rare, idiopathic inflammatory disorder characterized by painful ophthalmoplegia due to inflammation within the cavernous sinus or superior orbital fissure. First described by Tolosa in 1954 and later refined by Hunt in 1961, the syndrome is now classified as a headache disorder by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3). The hallmark features include severe periorbital pain accompanied by cranial nerve palsies.