L2 Writing with AI: Perceptions and Engagement of EFL Learners in China

Despite the growing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in foreign language education, research on how learners perceive and engage with AI tools remains limited. This study explores the perceptions and behaviors of Chinese EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners regarding AI-assisted second/foreign language (L2) writing. Through qualitative thematic analysis, we examined data from 80 first-year undergraduates at a university in South China. The findings reveal that students perceive AI as significantly enhancing writing quality and efficiency in four key areas: language optimization, literature processing, content generation, and strategic support. While they recognize both the advantages and limitations of AI, these perceptions shape their engagement with these tools. The study also discusses the evolving nature of academic writing skills in the digital age, emphasizing the need for new pedagogical strategies. The results suggest a collaborative model that combines human creativity with AI capabilities to enhance the foreign language learning experience.