K objasňování pojmu „přímá účast na nepřátelských akcích“

Presented paper is focused on the current ICRCʼs initiative to clarify the notion of “direct participation in hostilities” in international humanitarian law which, with respect to civilians, results in lost of protection against direct attack. Author considers the principle of distinction in international humanitarian law, describes ICRCʼs Interpretative Guidance in its personal, substantive and temporal scope and analyzes its most problematic aspects (concept of civilian in non-international armed conflict, revolving doors mechanism, restraint on the use of force). Despite certain doubts whether ICRCʼs Interpretative Guidance merely reflects current lex lata in the area of international humanitarian law or implies reference framework for future international regulation (status of organized armed groups in non-international armed conflict, restraint on the use of force) author comes to the conclusion, that ICRC's work has to be considered as welcomed step forward which shall for sure influence any following discussion over the topic.