The role of artificial intelligence in colorectal cancer and polyp detection: A systematic review.

47 Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are essential for improving survival rates and optimizing therapeutic strategies. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, such as machine learning algorithms, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and computer-assisted diagnostic (CAD) systems, have significantly enhanced traditional diagnostic tools like colonoscopy and histopathology. This systematic review evaluates the current role of AI in CRC management, focusing on diagnostic improvements, predictive modeling, and outcome prediction. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE using MeSH term to identify studies utilizing AI in CRC diagnosis and management, with a focus on diagnostic imaging, histopathological analysis, and predictive modeling. Studies were evaluated for the accuracy of AI-driven diagnostic systems and the predictive performance of AI models in clinical outcomes. Results: Out of 147 studies identified, 37 met the eligibility criteria for this review. AI tools such as CNNs, CAD systems, and EndoBRAIN showed high accuracy in CRC detection and polyp classification. Kudo et al. (2020) reported 98% CRC detection accuracy using EndoBRAIN. Blanes-Vidal et al. (2019) achieved 96.4% accuracy in polyp detection via DCNN. Additionally, Wang et al. (2019, 2020) demonstrated improved Adenoma Detection Rates (ADR) of 34.1% and 29.1%, respectively, using AI over traditional methods. For outcome prediction, AI models, including CNNs, predicted patient prognosis with reasonable accuracy, as highlighted by Skrede et al. (2020) with 76% accuracy in prognosis prediction. Conclusions: The systematic review and analysis of AI-assisted diagnostic modalities in colorectal cancer and polyp detection reveal promising results, with most models demonstrating high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. CNN-based models and CAD systems, in particular, show strong potential for improving detection rates and clinical outcomes in CRC screening. The studies included in this review demonstrate that AI can enhance diagnostic precision, particularly in identifying polyps and predicting clinical outcomes, with high validation rates. However, more external validation and long-term clinical studies are needed to fully establish the robustness of these AI tools in routine clinical practice.