Current status of physicians’ perception of HCC conversion/downstaging therapy: A nationwide survey in China.

585 Background: Conversion or downstaging therapy for intermediate and advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has emerged as a significant exploring area of clinical practice and research in recent years. Nonetheless, there exists considerable variability in both the selection criteria for patients undergoing conversion therapy and the regimens selected for conversion across different regions and medical institutions. The present study aims to elucidate the current clinical application of conversion therapy in China, as well as to identify the considerations that physicians take into account when selecting eligible patients for conversion therapy and determining the appropriate conversion modality. Methods: Physicians meeting predefined inclusion criteria were invited to complete an online questionnaire from January to July, 2024. The collected data were subsequently pooled and analyzed descriptively. Results: A total of 120 valid questionnaires were retrieved, mainly form surgical (69.2%, n=83) and interventional (30.8%, n=37) departments. Generally, the study showed that approximately 51% of stage Ib-IIIa patients will be selected for the treatment goal of conversion or downstaging, and the overall successful rate as meeting criteria for surgical resection after treatment was 36%. Three primary factors were prioritized by physicians for determination of conversion therapy: the type of portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) (97%, 116/120), the future liver volume (90%, 108/120), and Child-Pugh classification (90%,108/120). In the specific physician group who selected the following attributes, patients classified as Child-Pugh A (82%, 89/108) or Child-Pugh B7 (66%, 71/108), those with tumor diameter exceeding 5 cm (92%, 98/106) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score of 0 to 1 (89%, 76/85) were most frequently selected for conversion therapy. Additionally, study showed that patients presenting with Vp1-2 (72%, 83/116) and Vp3 (71%, 82/116) could also be considered for conversion therapy. Currently, the prevalent treatment approach of conversion therapy involves a combination of local and systemic therapies, which is utilized in approximately 73% of cases. Among systemic treatment methodologies, the combination of Lenvatinib and immunotherapy is the most widely adopted by physicians. Besides, higher ORR was the foremost consideration for 83% (99/120) of physicians, followed by rapid response (68%, 82/120), adherence to guidelines and consensus (63%, 76/120), and lower tumor progression rate (58%, 70/120). Conclusions: This study elucidates the current status of conversion therapy for HCC in China. The findings underscore the necessity for optimizing conversion modalities and advancing standardized practices in the application of conversion therapy.