Zonal Planning for a Large-Scale Distribution Network Considering Reliability

To achieve the optimal planning of grid resource storage for a large-scale distribution network (DN), a cluster partition-based zonal planning method for the DN, considering reliability, is proposed. Firstly, a comprehensive clustering partition index is proposed, which includes the modularity index, power balance index, and node affiliation index. A hybrid genetic–simulated annealing algorithm is employed to perform the cluster partition. Secondly, a three-layer joint expansion planning model based on cluster partitioning is proposed. At the upper level, a route planning model is established to optimize the routing of the cluster. At the intermediate level, a location and capacity planning model for distributed photovoltaics and energy storage is formulated, taking uncertainties into account. By introducing uncertainty parameters, the range of uncertainty for sources and loads is characterized. At the lower level, reliability indices within the clusters are calculated to ensure operational reliability while reducing the conservatism of the optimization outcomes. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a real distribution network in China, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving the economic efficiency of DN planning.