Comorbidity Patterns Among Outpatient COVID-19 Cases in Turkey

Numerous factors contribute to COVID-19 symptoms, with individuals who have pre-existing health conditions at the highest risk for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study investigated the socio-demographic and comorbidity profiles within a large Turkish population diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2, including 47,875 patients diagnosed between March 2020 and May 2022 across six hospitals in different Turkish cities. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 confirmed via laboratory tests and presenting symptoms were included. The data collected covered socio-demographic details, infection onset dates, COVID-19 symptoms, pre-existing health conditions, radiological findings, treatments, disease progression, and relevant variables. A total of 47,875 files were included in the analysis. The median age was 43.7 years, with 84.5% testing positive for PCR SARS-CoV-2, often correlating with severe symptoms. Notably, 11.8% of the participants exhibited mild symptoms, and approximately 12.8% had comorbidities, increasing to 17.6% among severe cases. Females with PCR-positive COVID-19 had a comorbidity rate of 13.8%, compared to 12.5% in males. Among the patients with comorbidities, those aged 70 and above had the highest rates, at 22.1% (n = 1103). The most prevalent comorbidity was hypertension, followed by diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Severe cases had a significantly higher prevalence of comorbidities (58.4%) compared to non-severe cases (27.6%). We hope that the evaluation of our findings will contribute to the research and treatment processes of the COVID-19 outpatients.