Development and quality control of PMT modules for the large-sized telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory
The camera of the Large-Sized Telescopes (LSTs) of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) consists of 1855 pixels that are grouped into 265 high-performance photomultiplier tube (PMT) modules. Each module comprises a seven-light-guide plate, seven PMT units, a slow control board, and a readout board with a trigger board. The requirements for the PMT modules include various aspects, such as photon detection efficiency, dynamic range, buffer depth, and test pulse functionality. We have developed a high-performance PMT module that fulfills all these requirements. Mass-production and quality control (QC) of modules for all four LSTs of the northern CTAO have been completed. Here we report on the technical details of each element of the module and its performance, together with the methods and results of QC measurements.
Authors
- Nobuharu Sasaki
- G. Nishiyama
- Shu Koyama
- T. Nagayoshi
- Y. Nogami
- Megumi Suzuki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0446-8650)
- Y. Terada (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2359-1857)
- Fuyuki Tokanai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-3882)
- D. Ninci
- Yusuke Tsukamoto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6738-676X)
- H. Ohoka
- Y. Konno
- Keizou Kawamura
- Takeshi Nakamori (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7308-2356)
- Manuel Artero
- Y. Umetsu
- D. Mazin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2010-4005)
- S. Ono
- Tomohiko Oka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9924-9978)
- Yoshinori Hattori (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9076-4359)
- H. Kubo
- Takuto Kiyomoto
- H. Katagiri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2347-8819)
- J. Takeda
- Yuka Tomono
- Kenji Tamura (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3514-9927)
- M. Teshima
- A. Rugliancich
- M. Iwasaki
- S. Masuda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5037-9758)
- Mitsunari Takahashi
- Yusuke Inome
- Shunsuke Kimura (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9408-2884)
- Yuji Sunada (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8629-5214)
- A. Okumura
- Jordi Gonzàlez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8033-0306)
- J. Kushida (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8002-8585)
- Satoshi Matsuoka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3357-8282)
- Hidetarô Abe
- Yukiho Kobayashi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5680-6614)
- S. Nozaki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6246-2767)
- Satoshi Fukami
- T. Saito
- R. López-Coto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3882-9477)
- S. Sakurai
- J. Herrera Llorente
- T. Yamamoto
- Y. Hanabata
- K. Nishijima
- R. Orito
- O. Blanch
- D. Nakajima
- D. Hadasch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8663-6461)
- S. Tsujimoto
- K. Ishio
- T. Kojima
- M. Ogino
- D. Kerszberg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-1509)
- Tomohiro C. Yoshida (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7708-6362)
Institutions
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Tokai University (JP)
- Universidad de La Laguna (ES)
- Konan University (JP)
- Institute for High Energy Physics (ES)
- Kyoto University (JP)
- Sorbonne Université (FR)
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (FR)
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (ES)
- Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (FR)
- Nagoya University (JP)
- Ibaraki University (JP)
- Saitama University (JP)
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
- Published
- 2025-01-27
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2025.170229
- Citations
- 3
- Primary Topic
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 5.61
Funders
- European Commission
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Generalitat de Catalunya
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo