Realpolitik of Indo-Nepal Relations

Substantial political and economic exchanges have marked the historical relationship between Nepal and India. They continue their diplomatic relations by exchanging high-level visits, working on trade initiatives, and making financial investments. Moreover, India has assisted in the domain of infrastructure development in Nepal but is motivated by geopolitical considerations and preferences. The Treaty of Segouli concluded in 1816 between the Kingdom of Nepal and British India led to Nepal's relinquishment of substantial territorial expansion. This was the beginning of the emergence of Realpolitik in Nepal that facilitated foreign intervention in the country's political affairs. India has exerted a significant hegemonic influence on Nepal's internal and external affairs since its independence from British rule in 1947. This influence has been particularly evident since establishing the 'Peace and Friendship Treaty' between India and Nepal in 1950. India has played an active role in Nepal's political movements, introduced the concept of a common river, and imposed its desires and interests through river water agreements. Additionally, India has infringed upon Nepalese territories and utilized Nepalese political parties and their leaders to create a political-economic environment in Nepal that benefits India. Furthermore, India has a covert presence in selecting Prime Ministers in Nepal. Therefore, these factors collectively suggest that India's influence and domination infringe upon Nepal's sovereignty and independence. Keywords: relations, strategic interests, preferences, hegemonic, sovereignty