Peach Peel Extrusion for the Development of Sustainable Gluten-Free Plant-Based Flours

The food industry generates substantial waste, contributing to environmental challenges, such as pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Utilizing by-products, particularly fruit peels that are rich in fiber, antioxidants, and vitamins, presents a sustainable approach to reducing waste, while enhancing the nutritional value of food products. Specifically, peach peel can be used to produce gluten-free flours, with increased fiber content and antioxidant properties. Extrusion technology is a highly effective method for developing these functional flours, as it improves digestibility, reduces anti-nutrients, and enhances nutrient bioavailability. This study investigates the potential of combining corn flour with peach peel flour, derived from Royal Summer peachs (RSF), at different concentrations (0%, 5%, and 15%). A factorial experimental design was utilized to evaluate the impact of RSF incorporation on the proximate composition, antioxidant capacity, and functional properties of the flour. The results indicate that flours containing 15% RSF demonstrated significant improvements in terms of the dietary fiber content (5.90 g per 100 g^-1) and antioxidant capacity (ABTS^•+ 745.33 µmol TE per 100 g^-1), meeting the "source of fiber" labelling requirements. The glycemic index of the 15% RSF flour was reduced to 78.09 compared to non-enriched flours. The functional properties of the flour, such as swelling and gelation capacities, were also enhanced with RSF incorporation. These findings highlight the potential of RSF-enriched flours in regard to the development of sustainable, health-promoting, plant-based, and gluten-free flours.