From Philosophy to Practice: Buddha’s Panchsheel in the Modern Diplomatic Arsenal of Small States

Small states face significant challenges in the global system due to their limited economic and military capacities. However, they can overcome these obstacles by employing philosophical and ethical concepts. This article analyses the translation of Buddha's Panchsheel (Five Precepts) into the Panchsheel (Five Principles) of international relations. These principles, which emphasise non-violence, compassion, and peaceful coexistence, impact small states' foreign affairs. The article examines how these principles contribute to preserving these states' autonomy in contemporary geopolitics. Case studies conducted in Nepal, Bhutan, the Maldives, and other nations provide evidence of how these principles influence diplomatic strategy, promote regional stability, and foster international collaboration. Keywords: Buddhism, Panchasheel, foreign policy, small states, peaceful coexistence