Impact of Sustainable Agricultural Practices on Farm Productivity, Yield, and Climate Resilience Among Smallholder Farmers in Zambia

This study investigated the impact of sustainable agricultural practices on farm productivity, crop yield, and climate resilience among smallholder farmers across Zambia. A mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection methods was used to collect responses from 244 farmers. To ensure a diverse representation across different types of farming and regions, stratified random sampling was used. Key findings reveal that the majority of farmers (75%) adopted conservation agriculture, including practices like minimum soil disturbance, crop rotation, and permanent soil cover, which significantly enhanced soil health, water retention, and resilience to climate variability. A notable 53% of farmers also engaged in soil fertility management practices, such as composting and green manure, further contributing to increased yields and long-term productivity. In terms of farm size, 44% of farmers managed small plots (1-5 hectares), with the majority (51%) practicing mixed farming. This diversification of crops and livestock contributed to increased climate resilience. The study also highlighted the role of education, with 38.5% of respondents holding tertiary qualifications, which enabled the adoption of innovative, climate-smart practices. These findings highlight the importance of sustainable agricultural practices in boosting productivity, enhancing farm resilience, and mitigating climate change effects, particularly for smallholder farmers in Zambia.