Smart Water Management System for Rainwater Harvesting Tanks

Rainwater Harvesting Tanks (RWHTs) have been built in many rural areas of Sri Lanka due to the challenges in water scarcity and water quality. However, these tanks lack effective monitoring and management, resulting in inefficient water usage and health risks from potential contamination. Households face challenges managing water during fluctuating rainfall, with no guidance on diverting water or communication with distributors and neighbors for water access when supplies are low. The proposed solution monitors real-time availability, pH and turbidity levels of water by the usage of data collected from loT sensors. Water consumption of the household is dynamically predicted in order to compare with the current availability to show for how long the water will last. The solution uses Facebook Prophet and Random Forest for dynamic predictions, You Only Look Once Version 8 (YOLOv8) for debris detection alerts, and Linear Regression to forecast rainfall, helping households manage water effectively. The water requests received to the purified water distributor are prioritized using the Timsort algorithm to efficiently deliver the water to the customers. The proposed solution also introduces a network of connected tanks for efficient water transfer between households. The entire system was implemented in a selected rainwater harvesting tank in Parasangaswewa village in Sri Lanka. The entire system was tested to identify whether all the functionalities behave as expected. This resulted in ensuring the implementation of the smart water management system operates reliably, efficiently, and meets the needs of households for sustainable water usage and distribution.