Polar Fox Optimization Algorithm-Based Triangulation Method for Optimal RSUs Placement in VANETs

In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), the process of optimizing the roadside units (RSUs) deployment cost is essential for the objective of maximizing the network coverage with the objective of improving the performance in terms of minimized delay. In specific, these RSUs deployment strategies are highly useful in the intersections of the highways such that better network connectivity can be achieved during the interactions of the vehicular nodes. In this paper, Polar Fox Optimization Algorithm-based Triangulation Method (PFOATM) is proposed for exploring and determining the optimal points of the network over which is RSUs are placed to attain reduced delay during data dissemination in VANETs. This optimization model uses the factors of RSUs deployment costs, delay and coverage into account for optimizing the placement process which minimizes the cost of installation. It is specifically introduced to characterize the events that generally happens around the intersections of the highway. It used Polar Fox Optimization Algorithm (PFOA) for the purpose of exploring and exploiting the search space such that optimal points of installations can be determined for attaining maximized coverage with lower number of RSUs deployed in the network. The simulation results of this PFOATM confirmed better results in terms of delay, coverage rate, packet delivery rate and RSUs deployment cost compared to the baseline approaches used for comparative evaluation.