A study on hospital acquired infections in paediatric patients admitted in paediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital of central Gujarat

Background: Nosocomial infections (NIs) are a significant concern in healthcare settings, leading to increased mortality and costs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of NIs in a paediatric intensive care units (ICU) in India. Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted over one year in a paediatric ICU. Routine investigations, including blood culture, urine examination, and chest X-ray, were performed. Results: Nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSIs) and urinary tract infections (UTIs) were the most common NIs. Pseudomonas and Klebsiella were the predominant organisms isolated from blood and ET secretion cultures. Severe anemia and severe acute malnutrition were significant co-morbidities contributing to mortality. Conclusions: The study highlights the need for effective infection control measures and antibiotic stewardship in paediatric ICUs. Administering sensitive antibiotics based on geographical bacteriological profiles can improve outcomes and prevent antibiotic resistance.