CHANGES IN INDICATORS OF THE OAT VARIETIES POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE CULTIVATED IN THE TYUMEN REGION OVER A 90-YEAR PERIOD

The study of indicators of the genetic structure of the population and their changes over time is important for improving the efficiency of the breeding process and competent management of the development of populations of varieties. High efficiency in such studies was shown by prolamin-coding loci. The aim of research was to assess changes over time in the indicators of the genetic structure of the populations of oat varieties included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in the Tyumen Region from 1929 to 2021 using multiple alleles of avenin-coding loci. The material for the study was 19 varieties of oats. Eight different alleles were identified for the Avn A locus, 7 for the Avn B locus, and 6 for the Avn C locus. C2 and Cnew. Allelic variants A1, A5, Anew, B1, Bnew1, Bnew2 and C1 had a low frequency of occurrence and were eliminated from the population within several decades. The most stable values of intrapopulation diversity and the proportion of rare morphs over time are typical for the Avn A locus. The value of intrapopulation diversity at the Avn B and Avn C loci changed in waves, while periods of a decrease in the value of this indicator for one of the loci were accompanied by its increase for another. The intrapopulation diversity of oat varieties is currently characterized as high. The indicator of the proportion of rare morphs has a low value (0.04–0.09), which indicates the stability of the analyzed population. The alleles of the Avn B and Avn C loci are promising for study as markers of gene associations that determine adaptively significant traits, and the Avn B locus is economically valuable traits in the conditions of the Tyumen Region.