Routing and Scheduling of Smart Mobile Power Banks for Mobile Charging and Vehicle-to-Grid Services

In modern power grids, mobile energy storage system (MESS) is essential for meeting the growing demand for electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure and maintaining reliable power supply during grid failures. For better utilization of MESS, this article proposes a multimode management scheme to maximize the profit of smart mobile power banks (SMPBs), where SMPB is a multifunctional mobile energy storage unit. A temporal-spatial model is proposed to facilitate the routing and scheduling of SMPBs, combining mobile charging, green hydrogen production, and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) functions. The proposed model couples a power network and a transportation network based on the network flow theory, where the shortest paths can be obtained by the Floyd-Warshall algorithm. Furthermore, the spectral-clustering-based mobile charging and mobile V2G scheme are developed for SMPB. Finally, an optimal routing and scheduling of SMPB with integer and linear decisions is proposed considering real-time electricity prices, photovoltaic (PV) fluctuations, road conditions, flexible charging power for EV, and battery degradation, which is designed for swift resolution using commercial solvers. The effectiveness and economy of the proposed scheme are demonstrated through detailed case studies.