The relevance of HLA class II histocompatibility gens in predicting the risk of developing several bullous dermatoses

Background. Bullous dermatoses are a group of severe heterogeneous diseases that are potentially life threatening and significantly worsen its quality. Aims. To establish an associative relationship of HLA class II histocompatibility gens with bullous dermatoses using the example of pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid and benign familial pemphigus. Methods. A prospective open, simple, comparative, scientific study included 101 patients (men — 33, women — 68) with bullous dermatoses. The study was conducted from 2017 to 2023. Results. Statistically significant differences were revealed for a number of HLA class II indicators. Carriers of HLA-DRB1*3, DRB1*4, DRB1*14, DRB1*16, DQB1*0304, DQB1*0502-4, DQB1*0503, DQB1*02 and DQA1*0301 should be identified as a risk group for the development of pemphigus vulgaris, benign familial pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid. Patients carrying histocompatibility gens HLA-DRB1*15, DRB1*17, DQB1*201, DQB1*303, DQB1*602-8 have increased resistance to the above-mentioned bullous dermatoses. Conclusions. An association was found between histocompatibility gens HLA class II, pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid and benign familial pemphigus. The data obtained can be used to predict the development of the above-mentioned diseases, develop a set of preventive recommendations, verify the correct diagnosis in the early stages of diseases.