Methods to Adjust for Confounding in Test-Negative Design COVID-19 Effectiveness Studies: Simulation Study
Overall, models using a DRS to adjust for confounding performed adequately but not as well as the multivariable models that adjusted for covariates individually.
Authors
- William F. Fadel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0292-6734)
- Toan C. Ong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-1407)
- Allison L. Naleway (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5747-4643)
- Inih Essien (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0775-8255)
- Peter J. Embí (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7733-0847)
- Brian E. Dixon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1121-0607)
- Ruth Link‐Gelles (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-806X)
- Ryan E. Wiegand (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9486-1850)
- Mark W. Tenforde (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8702-8393)
- Elizabeth A. K. Rowley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0593-1096)
- Edward Stenehjem (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6065-9964)
- Bruce Fireman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1652-985X)
- Karthik V. Natarajan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9066-9431)
- Manjusha Gaglani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3952-9230)
- Patrick K. Mitchell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6848-0846)
- Gabriela Vazquez‐Benitez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6226-3207)
- Ned Lewis
- Duck‐Hye Yang
Institutions
- Intermountain Healthcare (US)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Regenstrief Institute (US)
- Westat (United States) (US)
- NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital (US)
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (US)
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research (US)
- Baylor Scott & White Health (US)
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (US)
- HealthPartners (US)
- Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis (US)
- Texas A&M University – Central Texas (US)
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- JMIR Formative Research
- Published
- 2025-01-27
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.2196/58981
- Citations
- 2
- Primary Topic
- Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 5.26