From Rainforest to Lab: Electrochemical Biosensing with Colombian Plant Peroxidases

The peroxidases are a class of enzymes found in various species of Colombian tropical plants. These enzymes belong to the larger group of peroxidases, which are heme-containing proteins involved in catalysing a wide range of reactions in living organisms. Peroxidases have emerged as promising biocatalysts with versatile biotechnological applications. This paper aims to provide a detailed analysis of peroxidases in Colombian tropical plants and their potential in electrochemical sensing. The review begins by elucidating the structural and functional characteristics of peroxidases in plants, exploring their classification, and highlighting their catalytic mechanisms. It then delves into the various substrate specificity and affinity of plant peroxidases and its comparison with other peroxidases. Furthermore, the diverse electrochemical techniques relevant to biosensing and their applications in biosensor development are thoroughly examined. The challenges and prospects of utilizing Colombian plant peroxidases in biosensing applications are critically evaluated. In summary, this study highlights the significance of peroxidases in plants as valuable bioanalytical tool. Their multifaceted applications in environmental, agricultural, food, and pharmaceutical bioanalysis sectors make them indispensable in addressing contemporary challenges. The insights provided herein serve as a foundation for future research endeavours aimed at harnessing the full potential of Colombian tropical plant peroxidases for the construction of electrochemical biosensors.