A multi-domain feature fusion epilepsy seizure detection method based on spike matching and PLV functional networks

<i>Objective.</i>The identification of spikes, as a typical characteristic wave of epilepsy, is crucial for diagnosing and locating the epileptogenic region. The traditional seizure detection methods lack spike features and have low sample richness. This paper proposes a seizure detection method with spike-based phase locking value (PLV) functional brain networks and multi-domain fused features.<i>Approach.</i>In the spiking detection part, brain functional networks based on PLV are constructed to explore the changes in brain functional states during spiking discharge, from the perspective of microscopic neuronal activity to macroscopic brain region interactions. Then, in the epilepsy seizure detection task, multi-domain fused feature sequences are constructed using time-domain, frequency-domain, inter-channel correlation, and the spike detection features. Finally, Bi-LSTM and Transformer encoders and their optimized models are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.<i>Main results.</i>Experimental results achieve the best seizure detection metrics on Bi-LSTM-Attention, with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity reaching 98.40%, 98.94%, and 97.86%, respectively.<i>Significance.</i>The method is significant as it innovatively applies multi channel spike network features to seizure detection. It can potentially improve the diagnosis and location of the epileptogenic region by accurately detecting seizures through the identification of spikes, which is a crucial characteristic wave of epilepsy.