STUDYING A WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES COLLECTION OF FOREIGN BREEDING UNDER WESTERN SIBERIA CONDITIONS

The purpose of the study is to conduct a breeding assessment of variety samples and identify sources of valuable traits for winter wheat breeding. A collection of 52 varieties of winter soft wheat of different ecological and geographical origins was studied. Field and laboratory studies were carried out in 2020–2022 on the experimental field of the Omsk State Agrarian University in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. Sowing was carried out in fallows at generally accepted sowing times. The research results showed that American and Turkish varieties had the highest yield (284 and 297 g/m2), winter hardiness (6–6.5 points) and resistance to snow mold (5–5.5 points). Mexican lines had greater variability in the studied traits in comparison with other groups of variety samples and are recommended for breeding to expand the genotypic diversity of domestic varieties for drought resistance and grain quality. Bulgarian samples are unique in grain quality (on average they contain: protein – 17.1 %; gluten – 37.2; ash content – 1.81; gluten index – 95.8 % and sedimentation – 68 ml). Varieties and lines have been identified as adaptive and promising genotypes for winter wheat breeding in Western Siberia: Mv-Ispan, Mv-Bojtar, Mv-Dandar, SYWolf, KS13DH00 37-66, KS13DH00 30-32, CO13D 1299, WBLL1*2 / Tukuru // Billings. These varieties formed the highest yield (341–453 g/m2) in dry growing conditions, had higher rates and a smooth increase in biomass (NDVI = 0.37–0.68), high drought resistance (6.0–7.0 points ) and lower leaf surface temperature (≥ 35.3 °C).