DEVELOPMENT OF AN RAW MATERIAL CONVEYOR OPTIMAL SCHEME FOR ARID CONDITIONS OF THE ASTRAKHAN REGION

The purpose of research is to scientifically substantiate the optimal layout of the raw material conveyor in the Astrakhan Region. Objectives: development of a raw material conveyor scheme, study of the duration of interphase periods of joint crops of grain and leguminous crops, assessment of the yield of raw material conveyor crops. Research was carried out in the Kamyzyaksky District of the Astrakhan Region in 2020–2022. The raw material conveyor scheme included three groups of crops, differing in terms of harvesting. Research results have shown that when harvesting winter grain crops in the first ten days of May, you can get up to 25.5 t/ha of green mass. When sowing alfalfa in the second ten days of September, the first cutting can be done in the third ten days of May with a yield of 27.2 t/ha of green mass. Millet is usually ready for cutting in the second ten days of June; the yield of green mass on average over 3 years was 9.5 t/ha. From crops of Sudanese grass, an early harvest was obtained from 1 cutting – 19.0 t/ha of green mass in the third ten days of July. Soybean reached mowing ripeness by the end of the third decade of July, the average yield for three years was 23.1 t/ha. Joint crops of corn and soybeans were harvested in the waxy ripeness phase in the 1st ten days of August, the yield of green mass reached 51 t/ha. The yield of joint crops of sweet sorghum and soybeans was at the level of 40.8 t/ha. When sown in the second ten days of May, the yield of safflower by the end of the first ten days of August on average over 3 years amounted to 21.1 t/ha of green mass, 4.4 t/ha of chickpea grain was obtained by the beginning of the second ten days of August. When sowing melons in the first half of May, harvesting was carried out in the second ten days of August. On average, over three years, the maximum yield was obtained from fodder pumpkin – 40.2 t/ha.