MINERAL FERTILIZERS INFLUENCE ON STRAWBERRY YIELD IN THE SOUTHERN FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF BASHKORTOSTAN

The research results on the study of mineral fertilizers on the development and fruiting of garden strawberries in the soil and climatic conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of the the Cis-Urals of Bashkortostan are presented. The objects of the study were the Daryonka and Elsanta varieties. The study was carried out at the site of the Kushnarenkovskiy breeding center of the the Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture UFRC RAS during the growing seasons of 2020–2022. Planting began in the fall of 2018 according to a 0.9 × 0.2 m pattern. Agricultural technology is generally accepted for berry crops. Ammophos 1.5 c/ha was used as fertilizer; ammophos 1.0 c/ha; ammophos 0.5 c/ha; ammophos on zeolite 0.5 c/ha; ammophos on zeolite 0.3 c/ha; ammophoska 0.5 c/ha, which was applied once for plowing. Research has revealed the stimulating effect of mineral fertilizers on the growth activity of strawberries, due to which the adaptive potential and productivity increase. It was established that the use of fertilizers had a positive effect on the vegetative and reproductive formations of strawberry varieties. Thus, the use of pre-planting application of ammophoska 0.5 c/ha and ammophos on zeolite 0.5 c/ha showed an increase in the number of flowers by 15–26 %, an increase in the average weight of berries in the Elsanta variety – by 30.7 %, in the Daryonka variety – by 24.6 %. The use of ammophos at 1.5 c/ha led to an increase in the number of tendrils by 1.1–1.3 times, and the number of daughter plants by 1.2–1.5 times. In 2021, dry growing season conditions resulted in lower yields. Over 3 years of research, when applying ammophos (0.5 c/ha) and zeolite-based ammophos (0.5 c/ha), the efficiency exceeded the control in the Elsanta variety by 36.2–29.5 %, an increase in productivity in the variety Daryonka – by 24.8–21.3 %.