A Low‐Profile, Aperture‐Coupled, Diagonal Square Fractal Antenna for Dual‐Band Vehicular Communication

ABSTRACT This paper presents the design of a simple, compact diagonal square fractal (DSF) Antenna suitable for dual‐band Vehicular Communication applications. The proposed DSF antenna has etched on RT/Duroid 5880 substrate with the volume of 20.42 22.71 4.72 mm 3 respectively. It consists of dual substrate layers, a square radiation patch with three iterations, and a rectangular aperture‐coupled slotted in‐ground plane. The proposed antenna is intended to operate at 5.9 GHz of the dedicated short‐range communication (DSRC) band (IEEE 802.11p) for vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) communication and vehicle‐to‐infrastructure (V2I) communication system at 9.5 GHz in the X‐band. The proposed antenna has achieved comparatively better and stable gains of 2.43 and 7.88 dBi with fractional bandwidth of 12.95 % and 10.89 % at DSRC‐band and X‐band, respectively, which provides the scope for using this antenna for various applications in vehicular communication. Desirable stable radiation patterns have been obtained in both planes' indicating relative stability at both frequencies. The efficiencies of 93.34 % and 96 % are observed at both resonance frequencies. A close agreement between the simulated and experimental results has been achieved. The proposed antenna can apprehend the qualities of ease of fabrication and smaller dimensions to be mounted in autonomous vehicles and vehicle networking communication system equipment and also accomplish noble wireless transmission capabilities in terms of gain, fractional bandwidth, and radiation efficiency from vehicles to vehicles and vehicle to infrastructure.