Utilizing Green Chemistry Principles in the Mannich Reaction: Catalysts, Bioactive Skeletons, and Applications in Drug Design

The Mannich reaction, named after Carl Mannich, is a flexible technique for generating β- amino carbonyl compounds and is a cornerstone of organic synthesis. It produces carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen bonds in one step and is crucial for synthetic chemistry due to its substrate versatility. Currently, efforts are focused on green chemical modifications for sustainability. Drug design and development use this Mannich process to synthesize physiologically active chemicals, identify medications, and derivatize natural products. The Mannich reaction's role in current synthetic methodologies and its compliance with sustainable chemical practices will be highlighted in this study. The review article attempted to discuss the mechanism of the Mannich reaction, significant pharmaceutical applications and analysis in the light of the green chemistry principle. This encompasses a comprehensive review of the step-by-step process for the course of the reaction and leading pharmaceutical synthesis, together with practices that make the reaction more sustainable, underlying its overall versatility and importance in modern-day organic synthesis.