IMPACT OF DIFFUSION COATING AND LASER TREATMENT ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL

Surface modification of steel is a crucial process in various industries, including automotive, construction, and aerospace . This process involves altering the outer layer of steel to enhance its properties such as corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and hardness. Different methods of surface modification can be employed, such as electrochemical processes, materials processing advancements, and the creation of special physical and chemical properties. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of surface modification techniques for steel, focusing on diffusion methods (nitriding, boronizing, and carburizing) and laser treatments (laser surface hardening, laser surface melting, and laser cladding). These methods enhance the microstructure and mechanical properties of steel components, offering improved surface hardness, wear resistance, and fatigue strength. Diffusion techniques alter the surface layer through the introduction of specific elements, creating hard, wear-resistant cases. Laser treatments provide precise, localized modifications with minimal distortion and a variety of coating possibilities. The review explores the process procedure, advantages, and limitations of each method, as well as their influence on the microstructure and mechanical processes. By evaluating these techniques, this paper aims to guide the selection of appropriate surface modification methods for optimizing steel performance and extending the lifespan of components in demanding environments.