Mechanism and Applications of Biochar Carbon Dots and Nanocomposites in Heavy Metal Ion Sensing and Adsorption

Biochar is a carbonaceous material produced by the pyrolysis of biomass. Biochar has been embraced due to its various properties as well as its broad utility in soil and water pollution. Biochar technology is the answer to all the numerous problems concerning the environment. There has also been a lot of interest in biochar nanotechnology because of the improvements, especially in the physical, chemical, and surface characteristics of biochar. The biochar is further transformable into a number of forms of nanomaterials too, such as carbon dots (CDs) and nanocomposites. The modification of the biochar affects the mechanisms in the adsorption of pollutants from wastewater. CDs attract attention because of their unique properties, such as optical, biological, surface, and solubility properties among others. Due to their unique architecture and interesting properties, numerous disciplines have shown considerable interest in them. CDs are suitable as fluorescence probes. The fluorescence of CDs was reduced by all metal ions but to different extents. From the current review, we derive some relevant information on biochar and biochar nanotechnology and the factors that determine its properties and its mechanism in metal sensing and adsorption. . KEYWORDS :Biochar nanocomposites, Carbon dot, Fluorescence probes, Heavy metal, Sustainability