Combined Ultrasonic–Mechanical Treatment

It is demonstrated that the application of combined processing, specifically, the simultaneous use of ultrasound and mechanical action (friction), is an ef-fective method for surface treatment. Optimal parameters of influence are identified, which are leading to an increase in hardness, a favourable redistri-bution of stresses, and a reduction in surface roughness. This approach inte-grates the benefits of ultrasonic energy to modify the materials’ subsurface structure with the mechanical smoothing effects of friction. This synergy en-hances material properties by refining the microstructure, promoting homog-enous distribution of alloying elements, and inducing beneficial compressive stresses, all of which contribute significantly to improving the wear resistance and longevity of treated surfaces.