THE IMPACT OF VITAMIN D AND INTERLEUKIN-6 AS RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSION ADOLESCENTS

Background: Adolescents face an increased risk of depression due to hormonal fluctuations and the impact on physiological and immunological biomarkers, which are associated with a heightened risk of symptoms of depression during puberty. Aims: investigate the roles of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vitamin D (Vt.D) as influential factors in increasing the risk of depression among adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 130 adolescents aged 12 to 18, between November 2023 and February 2024. This study examined serum IL-6 and Vt.D levels. Additionally, the calculation relies on the Beck Depression Inventory to measure the severity of depression. Results: Adolescents have a significant increase in depression symptoms, with 59.2% showing signs of depression. Depressed adolescents show a significant increase (p<0.001) in IL-6 and decreased Vt. D levels compared to non-depressed individuals. Depression scores were significantly correlated positively with IL-6 levels and negatively with Vt. D levels and Linear regression analysis exhibit a significant positive predictor of IL-6 (B: 4.430; 95% CI: 3.023 to 5.836). Vt. D is a significantly negative predictor (B: -0.145; 95% CI: -0.220 to -0.071) associated with depression scores. They highly predicted depression in adolescents with deficiency Vt. D (OR: 24.4, p<0.001), and depressed severity increased with no take Vt. D supplement (OR: 1.769, p=004), more than those who had taken Vt. D Supplement (OR: 0.571, p=0.207). Discussion: Vitamin D affects serotonin synthesis by a unique biological mechanism, Serotonin is always involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Vitamin D may have a neuroprotective effect on the inflammatory process in the body. To support immunomodulation, lead to increase in inflammatory cytokines and vitamin which was suppresses the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 by monocytes. Conclusions: The likelihood of severe adolescent depression was found to be associated with elevated IL-6 levels and a deficiency in Vitamin D, serving as available predictors.