The Umayyad Aqueduct to Ramla and Other Finds near Kibbutz Na‘an (pp. 193–219)

The remains of the aqueduct, which led water to the city of Ramla during the Umayyad period, were exposed along 150 m. The aqueduct, running generally east–west, was well preserved. A detailed description of its construction technique is rendered, as well as an account of the consequences of its destruction. A calculation of the aqueduct’s rate of flow is discussed, based on calculations of the roughness coefficient (friction)of the plaster. Finally, a reconstruction of the course of the aqueduct along ten kilometers is offered, based on other findings along its proposed route. The meager small finds included potsherds, an inscribed oil lamp and a bronze weight. The date of the aqueduct and it’s destiny within the city of Ramla are postulated as well.